Effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> C-3102 addition on nutrient digestibility, faecal characteristics, blood chemistry and faecal <i>Lactobacilli</i> spp., <i>Enterococci</i> spp., and <i>Escherichia coli</i> in healthy dogs

The benefits of probiotics for animal health are widely recognised. In this study, we investigated the effects dietary supplementation with Bacillus subtilis C-3102 on diet digestibility, faecal characteristics, intestinal shedding microbiota, and hematological characteristics in healthy dogs. Adult Golden Retriever dogs (n = 18) were divided into three groups: control group (no B. subtilis), BS1 (1 × 109 CFU/g BS2 (2 subtilis). Dogs fed a 30-day administration period, total faeces collected last five days. On first days blood samples taken to determine characteristics. addition, dry matter content, consistency score, output, pH, ammonia level, quantity short- branched-chain fatty acids (SCFAs BCFAs) also evaluated. Results revealed that matter, fibre, organic protein digestibility coefficients higher (p < 0.05) compared control. Lower pH acetate, propionate, isobutyrate levels detected 0.05). firmer stools observed 0.001). numbers enterococci lactobacilli Furthermore, increased concentrations WBCs, RBCs, granulocytes Data present study suggest improved quality, enhanced nutrient contributed dogs’ gut by reducing ammonia, increasing SCFAs, improving number Lactobacillus Enterococci.HIGHLIGHTSProbiotics one most commonly used feed additives dog food.Bacillus boosts immunity overall gastrointestinal companion animals.B. health, immunity, food.B. concentration granulocytes.B. reduced SCFAs faeces.